As an urban planner in the city of Melbourne, I want to identify areas near healthcare and educational facilities where parking is limited but demand is high, So that I can make informed decisions about improving parking infrastructure and accessibility for patients, students, and staff.
At the end of this use case you will:
In growing cities like Melbourne, healthcare and educational facilities are essential parts of the community and attract high numbers of daily visitors. These places often have a lot of foot traffic, especially during rush hours. However, there is not always enough parking nearby for patients, students, and staff. This can cause inconvinience, delays, and access issues, especially for patients, students, and people who need these services.
This use case aims to explore parking accessibility around healthcare and educational institutions in Melbourne. By analysing data on car park capacity, facility locations, and pedestrian movement, the project seeks to identify areas with high demand but limited parking. The results will support urban planners in making informed decisions to improve parking infrastructure and future city planning.
We combined data from landmarks (such as hospitals and schools) with nearby public parking locations. The distance between each landmark and every car park was calculated using their geographic coordinates. If a car park was located within 400 metres of a landmark, it was counted as nearby, and its number of parking spaces was included in the total. We also recorded the building addresses of these car parks to provide more location context.
| feature_name | theme | latitude | longitude | nearby_public_carparks | total_public_spaces | parking_addresses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | Education Centre | -37.802095 | 144.969406 | 3 | 1500 | [Melbourne Museum 11 Nicholson Street CARLTON ... |
| 1 | Melbourne Grammar School | Education Centre | -37.834256 | 144.976285 | 1 | 98 | [415-421 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004] |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | Health Services | -37.809344 | 144.982337 | 3 | 860 | [94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002, T... |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | Health Services | -37.798889 | 144.954897 | 5 | 2713 | [14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 30... |
| 4 | Royal Childrens Hospital | Health Services | -37.794206 | 144.950048 | 1 | 2000 | [Royal Childrens Hospital 48-50 Flemington Roa... |
Each landmark was matched with pedestrian sensors located within a 400-metre radius. For each location, we calculated the average number of pedestrians detected nearby using 2024 sensor data. This provides an indication of foot traffic volume around that site. If no sensor was found near a landmark, the average pedestrian count was set to zero.
| feature_name | avg_pedestrian_count | peak_hour | peak_pedestrian_count | pedestrian_display | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | 181.88 | 20 | 436 | 181.88 |
| 1 | Melbourne Grammar School | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 4 | Royal Childrens Hospital | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
The parking and pedestrian datasets were merged using the landmark’s feature_name as a common key. This created a single summary table that includes both the total nearby parking spaces and the average pedestrian activity for each landmark. This integrated view helps assess demand and accessibility at each location.
| feature_name | theme | latitude | longitude | nearby_public_carparks | total_public_spaces | parking_addresses | avg_pedestrian_count | peak_hour | peak_pedestrian_count | pedestrian_display | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | Education Centre | -37.802095 | 144.969406 | 3 | 1500 | [Melbourne Museum 11 Nicholson Street CARLTON ... | 181.88 | 20 | 436 | 181.88 |
| 1 | Melbourne Grammar School | Education Centre | -37.834256 | 144.976285 | 1 | 98 | [415-421 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004] | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | Health Services | -37.809344 | 144.982337 | 3 | 860 | [94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002, T... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | Health Services | -37.798889 | 144.954897 | 5 | 2713 | [14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 30... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 4 | Royal Childrens Hospital | Health Services | -37.794206 | 144.950048 | 1 | 2000 | [Royal Childrens Hospital 48-50 Flemington Roa... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 5 | North Melbourne Primary School | Education Centre | -37.798674 | 144.951066 | 1 | 958 | [Royal Womens Hospital 18-22 Flemington Road P... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 6 | BIO 21 Institute | Education Centre | -37.797874 | 144.953780 | 3 | 2182 | [Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre 301-327... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 7 | Royal Melbourne Hospital | Health Services | -37.799307 | 144.956390 | 6 | 3849 | [14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 30... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
| 8 | RMIT University | Education Centre | -37.808080 | 144.964453 | 6 | 3197 | [Melbourne Central 183-265 La Trobe Street MEL... | 701.35 | 17 | 1434 | 701.35 |
| 9 | Peter Maccallum Cancer Institute | Health Services | -37.811477 | 144.977401 | 2 | 624 | [33-61 Cathedral Place EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data |
We analysed whether certain public car parks were counted for multiple landmarks. This helps identify car parks that may serve more than one nearby facility, which is important when considering shared resources or potential congestion.
Shared car parks (used by more than one landmark):
parking_addresses
Royal Womens Hospital 18-22 Flemington Road PARKVILLE VIC 3050 6
Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre 301-327 Grattan Street MELBOURNE VIC 3000 5
Royal Melbourne Hospital 300-328 Grattan Street PARKVILLE VIC 3050 5
Carpark Melbourne University 220 Berkeley Street CARLTON VIC 3053 4
94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002 3
The Albert 158 Albert Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002 3
298-336 Victoria Parade EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002 3
RMIT Village 5-17 Flemington Road NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 3051 3
Kenneth Myer Building 144 30 Royal Parade PARKVILLE VIC 3010 2
33-61 Cathedral Place EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002 2
553 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004 2
6-30 Tyne Street CARLTON VIC 3053 2
368-386 Lygon Street CARLTON VIC 3053 2
265-281 Faraday Street CARLTON VIC 3053 2
204-218 Lygon Street CARLTON VIC 3053 2
410-418 Albert Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002 2
58-66 La Trobe Street MELBOURNE VIC 3000 2
QV Retail & Parking 221 Little Lonsdale Street MELBOURNE VIC 3000 2
Melbourne Central 183-265 La Trobe Street MELBOURNE VIC 3000 2
14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 3051 2
Carlton Clocktower Complex 247-253 Drummond Street CARLTON VIC 3053 2
Alfred Hospital 23-99 Commercial Road PRAHRAN VIC 3181 2
Name: count, dtype: int64
We found that some car parks are used by several landmarks:
The nearby bus stops and tram tracks were calculated based on their
distance to each landmark. Landmarks within 400 metres of bus stops or
tram tracks were counted and stored as nearby_bus_stops and
nearby_tram_tracks. These results were then merged into the
landmark summary table.
This helps provide a more complete view of each location’s public transport accessibility, which may influence parking demand and ease of access.
| feature_name | theme | latitude | longitude | nearby_public_carparks | total_public_spaces | parking_addresses | avg_pedestrian_count | peak_hour | peak_pedestrian_count | pedestrian_display | nearby_bus_stops | nearby_tram_tracks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | Education Centre | -37.802095 | 144.969406 | 3 | 1500 | [Melbourne Museum 11 Nicholson Street CARLTON ... | 181.88 | 20 | 436 | 181.88 | 14 | 0 |
| 1 | Melbourne Grammar School | Education Centre | -37.834256 | 144.976285 | 1 | 98 | [415-421 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004] | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 6 | 13 |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | Health Services | -37.809344 | 144.982337 | 3 | 860 | [94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002, T... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 0 | 12 |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | Health Services | -37.798889 | 144.954897 | 5 | 2713 | [14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 30... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 13 | 29 |
| 4 | Royal Childrens Hospital | Health Services | -37.794206 | 144.950048 | 1 | 2000 | [Royal Childrens Hospital 48-50 Flemington Roa... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 7 | 11 |
We adjust the number of public parking spaces available to each hospital or school when those spaces are shared with other nearby locations. It starts by listing every combination of landmarks and the car parks near them. Then, it counts how many landmarks are linked to each parking area. Instead of giving each landmark the full parking count, it divides the total equally among the ones sharing it. Finally, it adds up the adjusted numbers for each landmark, giving a more accurate view of how much parking is truly available to them. This helps avoid double-counting and supports better planning for areas where parking is shared.
| feature_name | theme | latitude | longitude | nearby_public_carparks | total_public_spaces | parking_addresses | avg_pedestrian_count | peak_hour | peak_pedestrian_count | pedestrian_display | nearby_bus_stops | nearby_tram_tracks | adjusted_total_public_spaces | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | Education Centre | -37.802095 | 144.969406 | 3 | 1500 | [Melbourne Museum 11 Nicholson Street CARLTON ... | 181.88 | 20 | 436 | 181.88 | 14 | 0 | 1000.000000 |
| 1 | Melbourne Grammar School | Education Centre | -37.834256 | 144.976285 | 1 | 98 | [415-421 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004] | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 6 | 13 | 98.000000 |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | Health Services | -37.809344 | 144.982337 | 3 | 860 | [94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002, T... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 0 | 12 | 286.666667 |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | Health Services | -37.798889 | 144.954897 | 5 | 2713 | [14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 30... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 13 | 29 | 759.640000 |
| 4 | Royal Childrens Hospital | Health Services | -37.794206 | 144.950048 | 1 | 2000 | [Royal Childrens Hospital 48-50 Flemington Roa... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 7 | 11 | 2000.000000 |
| feature_name | theme | latitude | longitude | nearby_public_carparks | total_public_spaces | parking_addresses | avg_pedestrian_count | peak_hour | peak_pedestrian_count | pedestrian_display | shared_by | shared_space | adjusted_space | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | Education Centre | -37.802095 | 144.969406 | 3 | 1500 | Melbourne Museum 11 Nicholson Street CARLTON V... | 181.88 | 20 | 436 | 181.88 | 1.0 | 500.000000 | 500.000000 |
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | Education Centre | -37.802095 | 144.969406 | 3 | 1500 | 204-218 Lygon Street CARLTON VIC 3053 | 181.88 | 20 | 436 | 181.88 | 2.0 | 500.000000 | 250.000000 |
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | Education Centre | -37.802095 | 144.969406 | 3 | 1500 | Carlton Clocktower Complex 247-253 Drummond St... | 181.88 | 20 | 436 | 181.88 | 2.0 | 500.000000 | 250.000000 |
| 1 | Melbourne Grammar School | Education Centre | -37.834256 | 144.976285 | 1 | 98 | 415-421 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004 | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 1.0 | 98.000000 | 98.000000 |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | Health Services | -37.809344 | 144.982337 | 3 | 860 | 94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002 | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 3.0 | 286.666667 | 95.555556 |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | Health Services | -37.809344 | 144.982337 | 3 | 860 | The Albert 158 Albert Street EAST MELBOURNE VI... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 3.0 | 286.666667 | 95.555556 |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | Health Services | -37.809344 | 144.982337 | 3 | 860 | 298-336 Victoria Parade EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002 | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 3.0 | 286.666667 | 95.555556 |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | Health Services | -37.798889 | 144.954897 | 5 | 2713 | 14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 3051 | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 2.0 | 542.600000 | 271.300000 |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | Health Services | -37.798889 | 144.954897 | 5 | 2713 | RMIT Village 5-17 Flemington Road NORTH MELBOU... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 3.0 | 542.600000 | 180.866667 |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | Health Services | -37.798889 | 144.954897 | 5 | 2713 | Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre 301-327 ... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 5.0 | 542.600000 | 108.520000 |
We calculated the parking demand risk by comparing the number of available parking spaces to the number of pedestrians during peak hours. A new value, parking_per_peak_person, was calculated to represent how many parking spaces are available for each person during the busiest time. Based on this ratio, we classified each landmark into demand risk levels: High, Moderate, or Low. This helps identify locations where parking may be insufficient during peak times and supports decision-making for parking improvements.
| feature_name | theme | latitude | longitude | nearby_public_carparks | total_public_spaces | parking_addresses | avg_pedestrian_count | peak_hour | peak_pedestrian_count | pedestrian_display | nearby_bus_stops | nearby_tram_tracks | adjusted_total_public_spaces | parking_per_peak_person | demand_risk | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Carlton Gardens Primary School | Education Centre | -37.802095 | 144.969406 | 3 | 1500 | [Melbourne Museum 11 Nicholson Street CARLTON ... | 181.88 | 20 | 436 | 181.88 | 14 | 0 | 1000.000000 | 2.288330 | Low |
| 1 | Melbourne Grammar School | Education Centre | -37.834256 | 144.976285 | 1 | 98 | [415-421 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004] | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 6 | 13 | 98.000000 | 98.000000 | Unknown |
| 2 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital : Medical Centre | Health Services | -37.809344 | 144.982337 | 3 | 860 | [94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002, T... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 0 | 12 | 286.666667 | 286.666667 | Unknown |
| 3 | Royal Womens Hospital | Health Services | -37.798889 | 144.954897 | 5 | 2713 | [14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 30... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 13 | 29 | 759.640000 | 759.640000 | Unknown |
| 4 | Royal Childrens Hospital | Health Services | -37.794206 | 144.950048 | 1 | 2000 | [Royal Childrens Hospital 48-50 Flemington Roa... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 7 | 11 | 2000.000000 | 2000.000000 | Unknown |
| 5 | North Melbourne Primary School | Education Centre | -37.798674 | 144.951066 | 1 | 958 | [Royal Womens Hospital 18-22 Flemington Road P... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 10 | 11 | 159.666667 | 159.666667 | Unknown |
| 6 | BIO 21 Institute | Education Centre | -37.797874 | 144.953780 | 3 | 2182 | [Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre 301-327... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 13 | 17 | 412.155556 | 412.155556 | Unknown |
| 7 | Royal Melbourne Hospital | Health Services | -37.799307 | 144.956390 | 6 | 3849 | [14-20 Blackwood Street NORTH MELBOURNE VIC 30... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 12 | 29 | 1058.475000 | 1058.475000 | Unknown |
| 8 | RMIT University | Education Centre | -37.808080 | 144.964453 | 6 | 3197 | [Melbourne Central 183-265 La Trobe Street MEL... | 701.35 | 17 | 1434 | 701.35 | 3 | 34 | 2397.750000 | 1.670906 | Low |
| 9 | Peter Maccallum Cancer Institute | Health Services | -37.811477 | 144.977401 | 2 | 624 | [33-61 Cathedral Place EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 0 | 19 | 312.000000 | 312.000000 | Unknown |
| 10 | Epworth Freemasons Hospital | Health Services | -37.810971 | 144.983700 | 3 | 860 | [94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002, T... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 0 | 11 | 286.666667 | 286.666667 | Unknown |
| 11 | Melbourne Private Hospital | Health Services | -37.798311 | 144.957288 | 6 | 3658 | [RMIT Village 5-17 Flemington Road NORTH MELBO... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 14 | 27 | 1005.950000 | 1005.950000 | Unknown |
| 12 | The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital | Health Services | -37.808752 | 144.976268 | 3 | 1124 | [33-61 Cathedral Place EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002... | 232.86 | 12 | 643 | 232.86 | 0 | 27 | 749.333333 | 1.163561 | Moderate |
| 13 | Kangan Batman Tafe | Education Centre | -37.822182 | 144.948908 | 4 | 1396 | [Melbourne Convention Centre Carpark 671-701 F... | 386.11 | 8 | 1159 | 386.11 | 0 | 19 | 1396.000000 | 1.203448 | Moderate |
| 14 | University of Melbourne | Education Centre | -37.798289 | 144.960995 | 3 | 1736 | [Carpark Melbourne University 220 Berkeley Str... | 150.05 | 17 | 336 | 150.05 | 11 | 11 | 723.333333 | 2.146390 | Low |
| 15 | Carlton Primary School | Education Centre | -37.795908 | 144.970147 | 2 | 369 | [368-386 Lygon Street CARLTON VIC 3053, 6-30 T... | 223.98 | 13 | 448 | 223.98 | 17 | 10 | 184.500000 | 0.410913 | High |
| 16 | Wesley College | Education Centre | -37.848520 | 144.982228 | 2 | 1912 | [553 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004, Alfred ... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 7 | 8 | 956.000000 | 956.000000 | Unknown |
| 17 | University of Melbourne (VCA and Music) | Education Centre | -37.824114 | 144.969333 | 2 | 1286 | [NGV International 130-200 St Kilda Road SOUTH... | 743.19 | 13 | 1683 | 743.19 | 12 | 12 | 1286.000000 | 0.763658 | Moderate |
| 18 | University High School | Education Centre | -37.797314 | 144.956034 | 3 | 2182 | [Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre 301-327... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 11 | 21 | 412.155556 | 412.155556 | Unknown |
| 19 | Kensington Primary School | Education Centre | -37.792524 | 144.927109 | 0 | 0 | [] | 80.48 | 12 | 168 | 80.48 | 5 | 0 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | High |
| 20 | Alfred Hospital | Health Services | -37.846263 | 144.981786 | 3 | 1920 | [553 St Kilda Road MELBOURNE VIC 3004, Alfred ... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 6 | 6 | 1280.000000 | 1280.000000 | Unknown |
| 21 | Royal Dental Hospital | Health Services | -37.799507 | 144.964527 | 8 | 3939 | [204-218 Lygon Street CARLTON VIC 3053, Carpar... | 175.96 | 17 | 338 | 175.96 | 15 | 14 | 2338.781250 | 6.899060 | Low |
| 22 | Melbourne Girls Grammar School | Education Centre | -37.831536 | 144.985089 | 0 | 0 | [] | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 2 | 1 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | Unknown |
| 23 | Mercy Private Hospital | Health Services | -37.811897 | 144.984436 | 3 | 860 | [94-106 Grey Street EAST MELBOURNE VIC 3002, T... | 0.00 | no data | 0 | no data | 0 | 8 | 286.666667 | 286.666667 | Unknown |
| 24 | State Library Victoria | Community Use | -37.809985 | 144.964330 | 10 | 3946 | [222-260 Elizabeth Street MELBOURNE VIC 3000, ... | 627.02 | 17 | 1301 | 627.02 | 2 | 36 | 3354.100000 | 2.576114 | Low |
| feature_name | theme | latitude | longitude | nearby_public_carparks | total_public_spaces | parking_addresses | avg_pedestrian_count | peak_hour | peak_pedestrian_count | pedestrian_display | nearby_bus_stops | nearby_tram_tracks | adjusted_total_public_spaces | parking_per_peak_person | demand_risk | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | Carlton Primary School | Education Centre | -37.795908 | 144.970147 | 2 | 369 | [368-386 Lygon Street CARLTON VIC 3053, 6-30 T... | 223.98 | 13 | 448 | 223.98 | 17 | 10 | 184.5 | 0.410913 | High |
| 19 | Kensington Primary School | Education Centre | -37.792524 | 144.927109 | 0 | 0 | [] | 80.48 | 12 | 168 | 80.48 | 5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.000000 | High |
To create these visualisations, we wrote code that automatically
generated hourly charts for all landmarks with available pedestrian
sensor data. First, we filtered the landmarks to only include those with
sensor data (peak_pedestrian_count > 0). Then, for each
landmark, we identified nearby pedestrian sensors within 400 metres and
calculated the average pedestrian count for each hour of the day. Next,
we retrieved the adjusted parking spaces for each landmark and plotted
this as a red dashed line across the chart to indicate parking capacity.
The hourly pedestrian counts were plotted as blue lines with dots,
showing how foot traffic changes throughout the day. Finally, we used
subplots to display multiple landmarks side by side, making it easy to
compare pedestrian demand and parking supply across different locations.
This automated approach allows us to efficiently visualise and assess
parking adequacy for all monitored landmarks.
By plotting pedestrian activity throughout the day against the available parking spaces, we can observe how demand fluctuates and whether parking supply is sufficient during busy times.

Some landmarks, like Carlton Gardens Primary School and Carlton Primary School, showed peak pedestrian counts that approached or exceeded their parking availability during the day. This indicates potential high demand or risk of parking shortages at certain peak times.
Major universities such as RMIT University and University of Melbourne (VCA and Music) experienced very high pedestrian flows, yet still maintained parking supply above the peak pedestrian counts, suggesting relatively good parking accessibility.
Hospitals (e.g., Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital and Royal Dental Hospital) also had times where pedestrian volumes increased notably, but most remained within the parking capacity limits.
State Library Victoria, although not a healthcare or education institution, showed steady foot traffic throughout the day but still within the parking capacity.
In summary, most landmarks generally have enough parking capacity during peak pedestrian times. However, smaller facilities and some schools may face challenges during peak hours. These areas may require further monitoring or parking management solutions.
This interactive map visualises key public landmarks in Melbourne—such as hospitals, schools, and community facilities—alongside parking and pedestrian activity data.
City Centered View
The map is centered on Melbourne’s CBD using its geographic coordinates
(latitude: -37.8136, longitude: 144.9631) for a clear view of the
city.
Landmark Markers
Each landmark is marked with a colored icon:
Clicking on any marker shows key details:
Sensor Locations
Green circles show the locations of pedestrian sensors, helping to
visualise where foot traffic is being monitored.
This map shows important public landmarks in Melbourne,like hospitals, schools, and libraries along with useful information about parking and pedestrian activity nearby. Each blue marker represents one of these landmarks. When you click on a marker, a box pops up with these details, which are type, nearby public car parks, total parking spaces, avg pedestrian count, and peak hour.
This interactive map gives a clearer picture of how busy certain areas are and how well they are supported by public transport. It focuses on landmarks with valid pedestrian sensor data, and it also shows the locations of bus and tram stops.
This map turns complex urban data into an easy-to-understand, visual story that can help shape smarter transport and planning strategies in Melbourne.
This code groups landmarks based on their parking demand risk level (High, Moderate, or Low) and list the names of landmarks under each category. It helps present the data in a simple, structured format that makes it easy for stakeholders to quickly understand which locations face the highest pressure for parking and where improvements might be needed.
### Parking Demand Summary
#### High Risk
- Carlton Primary School
- Kensington Primary School
#### Moderate Risk
- The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital
- Kangan Batman Tafe
- University of Melbourne (VCA and Music)
#### Low Risk
- Carlton Gardens Primary School
- RMIT University
- University of Melbourne
- Royal Dental Hospital
- State Library Victoria
This analysis identifies public landmarks in Melbourne that have high parking demand and checks whether they are well-served by public transport.
By checking how many public transport options are close to high-demand locations, we can:
This helps ensure that busy landmarks are not just car-dependent but have practical and sustainable travel alternatives.
| Risk Level | Landmarks |
|---|---|
| High | - Carlton Primary School - Kensington Primary School |
| Moderate | - The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital - Kangan Batman Tafe - University of Melbourne (VCA and Music) |
| Low | - Carlton Gardens Primary School - RMIT University - University of Melbourne - Royal Dental Hospital |
The parking demand analysis grouped healthcare and educational landmarks into three risk levels—high, moderate, and low—based on the ratio between adjusted parking spaces and peak pedestrian activity. Carlton Primary School and Kensington Primary School were classified as high-risk areas, indicating a potential parking shortage during peak times. These sites would benefit from either expanding public parking or encouraging the use of nearby public transportation to reduce car dependency.
Landmarks like The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Kangan Batman TAFE, and University of Melbourne (VCA and Music) fell into the moderate-risk category. While their parking conditions are not critical, these areas could face issues as demand increases. Measures such as promoting alternative transport options or monitoring peak usage patterns could help prevent future shortages.
In contrast, Carlton Gardens Primary School, RMIT University, University of Melbourne, and Royal Dental Hospital were assessed as low risk. These locations appear to have adequate parking relative to current pedestrian activity. No immediate interventions are necessary, but ongoing monitoring is recommended to ensure demand remains balanced with supply.
Public transport access plays a crucial role in supporting parking demand management. The analysis showed that high-risk landmarks vary significantly in their access to nearby bus and tram stops. For instance, Carlton Primary School is well-connected to both tram and bus networks, while Kensington Primary School has limited access. Strengthening public transport options near high-demand areas can provide effective alternatives to driving, easing pressure on parking infrastructure and enhancing overall accessibility.
Enhance Public Transport Access:
For high-risk areas with limited public transport (e.g., Kensington
Primary School), consider increasing bus service frequency or evaluating
the feasibility of new tram stops to reduce dependence on car
travel.
Promote Shared and Flexible Parking:
Where parking spaces are shared by multiple landmarks, implement
coordinated access policies and better signage to make the most
efficient use of space.
Prioritise Pedestrian Data Expansion:
Install more pedestrian sensors near healthcare and educational hubs to
improve demand forecasting and support data-driven planning.
Dynamic Parking Management:
Use peak-hour pedestrian patterns to guide pricing strategies, peak-time
parking restrictions, or permit zones to balance usage.
Encourage Active and Public Transport Use:
Provide safe walking and cycling paths from public transport nodes to
high-demand destinations to support mode shift.
These insights and actions aim to promote a balanced, equitable, and sustainable approach to urban parking management in Melbourne.